INTRODUCTION

This Subject is about Organisation and Architecture of Computer.Its Purpose is to present, as clearly and completely as possible, the nature and internal characteristics of modern-day computers.This task is challenging for two reasons.

• First, there is a tremendous variety of products,from single chip microcomputers costing a few dollars to supercomputers costing tens of millions of dollars,that can rightly claim the name "computer".Variety is exhibit not only in terms of cost, but also in size,performance and application.

• Second, the rapid pace of change that has always characterised computer technology continues with no let up.These changes cover all aspects of computer technology,from the underlying integrated circuit technology used to construct computer components to the increasing use of parallel Organisation concepts used in combining these components. 

In Spite of variety and pace of change in computer field, certain fundamental concepts apply consistently throughout.

The intent of this subject is to provide a through discussion of fundamental concepts of computer Organization and architecture and then relate them to contemporary (new) computers.